გურამ ბუაჩიძე

Currently in Tbilisi there are more than 2400 highly deformed buildings. The main causes of the deformation are soil type, the proximity and mineralised nature of near-surface groundwater, changes of the ground water level due to leakage from wastewater and seepage from Tbilisi's water supply reservoir and the Samgori irrigation system. Typical examples of the destructive effect of groundwater are considered. The current practice of treating each case of building subsidence as a separate problem is not effective and should be replaced by a comprehensive study of the city area with the aim of zoning sectors with similar problems so that counterdeformation measures can be better targeted.

Examination of tectonic, lithologic and geophysical (and most important geothermal) data complex in the East part of Black Sea (territory of Georgia) gives the possibility to distinguish the perspective oil-gas bearing structures – 3 on the land and 6 – on the sea. They are characterized down to the depth at temperature of T≤270°C –i.e. max value favourable for oil existence. Very often this depth on the sea does not exceed 5500m, but on the land it goes down to 7500m (Chakhathi) and even to 8400m (Chakvisthavi). It may be marked that the highest value of heat flow is determined in Georgia on the traverse Bathumi where the sea depth equals 1500 m (2,39HFU).

The paper deals with the problem of catastrophic mudflow of Kvareli. Both temporary and fundamental measures are presented to reduce its results.

The Tbilisi reservoir (Georgia) represents an important water supply for the city of Tbilisi, but has suffered considerable problems over the past 50 years. Initially the problems related to leakage of stored water via the schistose bedrock. It contains soluble gypsum and is highly sensitive to particulate removal by the process of suffusion. To some extent the leakage problems were ameliorated by the construction of vertical grout curtains but they have never been fully resolved. In recent times, an additional problem has appeared related to the inflow of saline groundwater from the bedrock host during times when reservoir levels are low. This groundwater locally contains as much as 16,000 mg/l total dissolved solids due primarily to gypsum dissolution. This release of groundwater to the reservoir has impaired reservoir water quality, increasing total dissolved solids from about 250 mg/l in 1988 to almost 500 mg/l in 2002. This has important implications for the long-term viability of the reservoir as a supply of potable water for the city.

aromatic combinations. The optimal regime and elaborate remediation technology for underground waters and soil was found. The investigation showed that the optimal version for recultivating oil- and petroleum-productcontaminated terra rossa and ground waters was the sample with green peas for seeding in the presence of biogenic material - peat, and the biomass of Pseudomonas accumulative cultures. In this version 87% of petroleum products is degraded, while the survivability of oil-destroying microbes is 13,04×102 cells per 1 g dry soil.