Zurab Kakulia

Recently, oil pollution has damaged the environment so much that even natural remediation, which is a long process, can not ensure ecological balance, especially in regions with developed yields, as well as the processing industry. An important role in this process is played by microorganisms, which are the main cause of remediation. We use pure and mixed cultures of microorganisms with different issues for faster remediation, the more issues are discussed in the report. There is more information about the investigation that led us to this decision.

The report discusses the ecological problems of the mining region and the rational use of mineral resources. Problems caused by mining disturb the environment and ecological stability. We discuss what are the possible solutions for environmental and mining extraction itself. Nowadays, microbiological leaching is the best solution, which allows us not only to protect the environment from damage, but also to maintain the extraction and production of even more resources. The advantage of microbiological leaching is that it is cheaper and much more effective. Countries like Georgia need to develop this kind of solution for their various abundant mineral resources. Another topic mentioned in this report is the bacterial processing technique, the development of which allows us to use the method of extraction of radioactive and noble metals.

Based on the data obtained as a result of the monitoring of Adjara-Trialeti mineral waters and the reconciliation and analysis of the fund and published materials, the potential of the region's hydrothermal-mineral resources has been assessed. Rational utilization of mineral water resources with diverse chemical composition and healing properties of Adjara-Trialeti will undoubtedly contribute to a significant increase in the production of bottled medicinal water and to the development of a balneological and balneo-climatic climate. In solving the social problems of the local population, first of all, in the problem of employment.

On the territory of Georgia only in Adjara-Trialeti region hot mineral water with cold mineral water is found. The first ones are mainly spread in the western part of the region (Nabeghlavi, Sairme, Danisparauli, Namonastrevi, Kokotauri) and in the central and southern parts (Mitarbi, Machartskali, Tsinubani, Vardevani, Gujarati. Ramniskhevi, Plateau). Hot carbonic mineral waters are concentrated in the central part of the region (Borjomi gorge) and within the Akhaltsikhe Depression (Akhaltsikhe, Nakalakevi, etc.). Some of the mineral waters of the region are more or less exploited, but there are manifestations whose resources are only partially used or completely intact (Zekari, Abastumani, Dviri, Sadgeri thermo, carbonic acid waters of Gujaretistskali and Adjaristskali river valleys). Mineral water deposits. Abastumani deposit is distinguished by its convenient location and excellent natural conditions, whose weak mineralization (up to 0.6 g / l) chloride-sulfate sodium-calcium water temperature reaches 480C. No less interesting in terms of assimilation are the Zekar thermal large springs, from which flows weakly mineralized (0.15-0.20 mg / l) water at 37 0C with increased content of silicic acid (50 mg / l). Solutions in Gujaratistskali gorge. There are several solutions here, starting from the Mitarbi mineral water well above the valley. Among them, the mineral waters of medium mineralization are especially noteworthy: Machartskali, Tsinubani, as well as low-mineralization "Narzan" type waters: Vardevani, Ramniskhevi. The mineral waters of the mentioned valley are distinguished by the high content of dissolved free carbon dioxide gas. Geological exploration works did not affect the river either. Adjaristskali gorge carbon dioxide outflows. Due to its interesting chemical composition, the average mineralization water of Danisparauli (6.0 g / l) is noteworthy. It is true that the source debit is insignificant, but as a result of exploration and excavation works, a mineral water resource with high healing properties may be obtained here. This valley is characterized by low discharges of carbonated waters of low mineralization of Namonastrevi. Currently, the development of mountain resorts can make a significant contribution to the rational use of various mineral water resources in this region.

The present article considers the results of studies of causes leading to deformations of accident- sensitive, hazardous buildings and constructions in Tbilisi. The following type grounds are used mainly for bases-foundations of deformed buildings-constructions existing is Tbilisi: 1. anthropogenic, that is filled-up grounds, which are spread almost on the whole territory of the town and cover upper layers of its relief. These rocks are of very non-homogenous structure and are mainly represented by clayey grounds various contents of construction and every day wastes. These rocks are used for foundation of buildings as a result of wrongly performed engineering-geological assessment and this often leads to rather negative outcomes; 2. Clay-loamy type rocks of diluvium-proluvium genesis; 3. In the studies of clayey rocks loess grounds attract our attention. These grounds are spread widely. When dry, they are characterized by properties similar to those of clayey ones, but when wetted they lead to big vertical deformation, that is land subsidence, which is rather dangerous for bases of buildings.

The report deals with the loose rocks common in Georgia, their special properties and the impact of these features on construction and development of territories. It is brought by the river. Characteristics of sedimentary properties of loose rocks spread in the middle of the Mtkvari and take into account the possible events that may occur during construction in the area of ​​distribution of these rocks.

The Georgian military road is a transport highway of international importance, on which passenger and freight transport flows in a continuous flow from south to north and vice versa at any time of the year. The surrounding area on the Stepantsminda-Jvari Pass section is even more attractive for the construction of mountain resorts with healthy air and abundance of Kamkama carbonic acid mineral water outlets. From the geotectonic point of view, the mentioned area is located at the contact of Kazbeg-Lagodekhi and Mestia-Tianeti fold zones of the two zones of the Caucasus fold system. It contributes to the improvement of the socio-economic conditions of the mountainous region-Khevsureti. Numerous point or frontal solutions of mineral waters of the study area can be divided into the following groups according to spatial proximity and identity of water chemical composition: (north to south) .These mineral waters are saturated with carbon dioxide; Their mineralization is mainly in the range of 2.0-4.0 g / l. There is a clear pattern in the distribution of mineral waters: waters distributed within the Kazbegi-Lagodekhi zone (from Panchet to Kobi). The mineral waters of the study area are cold (temperature in the range of 7-120C), do not contain toxic substances, kamkama is transparent, odorless, has a pleasant taste, which enhances their saturation with CO2. First of all, the type of carbonic alkaline-saline waters (Phanset, Zion, Kobi well) is very interesting, on the basis of which it is favorable to establish balneological-climatic resorts. Among the mineral waters of the study area, the high content of soda is sharply distinguished by the mineral water obtained in the Kobe № 9 well, the mineralization of which is 4.0 g / l. The chemical composition of Kobi well mineral water is very similar to the world-famous mineral water of Borjomi and it has a wide range of uses, both bottled and on-site, in terms of drinking and healing. The rest of the mineral waters belong to the low and weak mineralization carbonic acid type of hydrocarbonate-calcium (small and large majorsha, springs of Kulagin, Sadzel gorge, etc.). At their base it is convenient to arrange mineral water pavilions and covered toilets. Md. The right tributary of the Tergi River. As a result of drilling shallow wells in the Bidara Valley (100-200 m deep) it is possible to identify significant reserves of carbon dioxide along with the extraction of large amounts of mineral water.

Recent scientific progress in the world has given a strong impetus to the advancement of technological potential, followed by the development and construction of industrial, transport, mining energy enterprises, which leave a negative technological footprint on the Earth's surface, nature and our habitat. It is already recognized that one of the most acute problems remains the generation and accumulation of large amounts of industrial and household waste in the form of solid waste. In some areas of high industrial development, this process reaches a level that leads to the formation of modern geological formations around us, leading to a marked change in the original natural landscape. Since these formations are recorded as unconsolidated solid waste piles, they are easily exposed to modern geodynamic and hydrogeological processes and their distribution and impact on the environment is enormous. Often they have a negative impact not only on the living environment, but on the entire ecosystem - many harmful substances, heavy metals, cyanides, nitrates, pesticides, etc. Causes contamination of drinking water, agricultural land and other vital facilities. Georgia is no exception. There are currently similar problems here and there is no management or regulation tool for recording and researching these formations. The situation in some areas requires an immediate solution to the issue. For example, the Madneuli Mineral Enrichment Plant, its tailings and landfills, Chiatura mine deposits, raw material mines, international energy and transport corridors The systematic scientific research of the above anthropogenic massifs has never been developed in our country. In addition to other studies conducted within certain projects that cover completely different issues such as licensing of open pit mines, construction of roads and other linear structures, etc. The novelty of the proposed project lies in that. That it will lay the foundation for the management of industrial waste on the territory of Georgia, deal with its potential generation and become part of a comprehensive environmental impact assessment mechanism that will facilitate the assessment of the spread of formations and the variability of their boundaries. As well as a fundamental study of current processes. All this requires a scientific study of the issues and the development of a unified management system based on the findings to formulate a common vision and implement timely preventive measures. All of these actions will be an important step forward and serve to improve our living environment and the entire ecosystem.

The middle course of the Mtkvari River was studied and classified in field conditions. In addition, rock samples were taken for laboratory testing and analysis. The engineering geological properties of the study area were determined, including in situ field density, specific gravity, fluid margin, plastic margin, plasticity index, compression margin, and consolidation characteristics such as sink coefficient (collapse). Three different types of moose-like silt were identified, including yellowish-brown and yellowish-gray silt and sand. The results of microscopic studies of precipitation were related to physical and mechanical properties. The studied soils are of collapsed type and under constant pressure excess moisture dramatically increases their sinking. Different types of criteria were tested to assess the volatility of Loess-like precipitation, the most acceptable and topical were selected and specified as a role criterion. After surveying the area and conducting laboratory tests, the potential for soil erosion was confirmed by comparing the selected criteria.

"

The landslide on the road connecting Vashlijvari, Saburtalo and Digomi (Machavariani Street) caused a great resonance in the life of our city. A group of specialists was formed in this regard. Factors of origin must be sought in geological conditions, in particular in the lithological structure.This slope is represented by alternating Middle Eocene sandstones and argillites.The slopes are formed by weakening zones.This adds one very important circumstance: the bed forms of these rocks coincide with the direction of the slope.

The study made it possible to identify the natural factors that contributed to the landslide, including:

1. Geological factors:

- Sandstones with layers of argillite participate in the construction of slopes. The slope of these rocks is similar to a slope, which increases the probability of landslides several times;

-Sandstones and especially argillites - are very easily washed rocks, due to which weak zones are formed on the slopes.

2. To the above geological factors we must add the following natural factors:

- Impact of atmospheric precipitation - due to the cracking of the rocks, they enter the depth of the slope without any obstacles and reduce the compaction between the rocks,

-Seismic shocks play an important role in weakening the stability of landslide slopes. These events were quite active in the period before the landslide

  The main reason for landslides is road construction works, during which the slopes are improperly worked, which contributes to the emergence of driving forces.

Doctoral Thesis Referee

Master Theses Supervisor

Doctoral Thesis Supervisor/Co-supervisor

Scientific editor of monographs in foreign languages

Scientific editor of a monograph in Georgian

Editor-in-Chief of a peer-reviewed or professional journal / proceedings

Review of a scientific professional journal / proceedings

Member of the editorial board of a peer-reviewed scientific or professional journal / proceedings

Participation in a project / grant funded by an international organization

Participation in a project / grant funded from the state budget

Patent authorship

Membership of the Georgian National Academy of Science or Georgian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Membership of an international professional organization

Membership of the Conference Organizing / Program Committee

National Award / Sectoral Award, Order, Medal, etc.

Honorary title

Monograph

Handbook

Research articles in high impact factor and local Scientific Journals

Publication in Scientific Conference Proceedings Indexed in Web of Science and Scopus