khatuna Kiknadze

Methodical recommendations are dedicated to issues of design and operation of wetland drying systems in Georgian conditions. It represents an attempt to generalize the almost century-old history of the exploitation of the Kolkheti plain. The paper discusses the causes of wetlands, the natural conditions of the Kolkheti plain, the elements of the drainage network, their purpose, calculation and design methodology. Exploitation issues are covered considering modern conditions, farms and smallholder land ownership. The work is intended for workers in the field of water management, mainly young specialists, and can be used for students of this specialty as an auxiliary guide.

An analysis of existing studies on wave forecasting in the coastal zone of reservoirs is given. As a result of solving the one-dimensional shallow water equation in the form of a Bessel function, the possibility of predicting the height of the transforming wave and the height of the wave run-up on the slopes in the framework of the linear theory in the aisles of the slope is determined a = 5 + 30°

The article discusses the impact of hydrogeological conditions on the dynamics of groundwater and the maintenance of ecological stability

The article discusses the assessment of the determinants of environmental security

In the article is used existing practical filtration calculation methodic for upper tier of

combined drainage, which is located at the water resistant. This type of the drainage may be use for

protection of productive soils from the logging with atmospheric precipitation. For arise affectivity of the

drainage is necessary to conduct measure for arise water permeability at the upper half meter layer of soil.

Key words: fissure drainage, combined drainage, filtration, soil. 

The Duruji River considered as one of the most debris flow dangerous river of Georgia, which no one create danger for town Kvareli. For Kvareli danger is debris flow formed in river basin, that difficult is inert mass which is accumulated in the river bed. In article is considered modern condition of river Duruji basin and is provided recommendation about river bed cleaning necessity. The anthrophogenic impact on the environment often became cause formation of the anomalies, particularly, debris flow, the result is dramatically changing the existing situation and ecological balance. Currently the most effective measure performed for debris flow prevention in Kvareli is a river embankment. After its construction, debris flows have taken place for several times, but the town was not affected.

The climate change on earth has brought people's attention to the environment. Global warming on the background of climate change primarily leads to intense melting of ice and consequently causes the natural disasters such as floods, avalanches and catastrophic debris flows. In the article, based on the equation of prediction of processes and movement conditions of the debris flow processes, the parameters of the morphometric characteristics are calculated which can be used to elaborate scientifically developed norms and rules for mudslide regulation projects of morphometric characteristics of the river-bed. 

the most important impacts on the biosphere. In the ecological term, rational irrigation is measure, which man carried out to receive food product and same time cares about the environment and improves it. The implementation of amelioration activities in different regions confirmed that they are associated with significant environmental changes, structural elements of ecosystems (phytocenase, underground waters) change, also functional elements (the content of water, warm and salt). These changes are usually positive in nature, but one cannot deny the negative consequences of ecological disorders In order to develop operating melioration systems harmoniously with nature and their elements, we need to completely understand the influence of these measures on the surrounding environment and its assessment methods. In accordance with the environmental impact of ameliorative measures, it is necessary to allocate their sphere of influence. The existing ecological condition of various regions and territories requires a scientifically-grounded, ecological recovery program on quantitative assessment of the actual situation of the safety of objects. In order to evaluate the problem, the observation data are required to improve the observation of the ecosystem, which are the preferred parameters that are the most comprehensive. When choosing these parameters, one should consider the following: 1. The parameter is unequivocally, and quite efficiently react to changes in the situation; 2. The parameter should be sufficiently resistant to external impacts; 3. The parameter must be very sensitive to external impacts. One of the main tasks is to reduce the number of parameters that are responsible for ecological security, taking into consideration their relative importance. The economic criterion of functioning ecosystems allows the system to determine the system's marginal status based on maximally reasonable economic efficiency, which allows assessment of approximate importance of ecological diseases related to surface irrigation. The recommendation bas been given to local population, all interested bodies, surveys member, Ministry of Agriculture, amelioration system management departments, heads of farmers, and the local population

The paper provides empirical relationships with complex theoretical and field scientific studies, which are used to calculate the maximum costs of turbulent and hyperconcentrated floods, taking into account the main hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of the Mtkvari River Basin. Proposed methodology - allows to determine the volume of the mass transported by the mudslide, which allows to accurately predict the dead volume of sediment in the reservoirs at a later stage.

Impact of flow on the resistance encountered in floodplain beds

Given for the purpose of predicting capacity and its transportability

A methodology that makes a connection between the flow of work spent and the form

Considering the portable stones.

To decrease the ability of the mass formed in the bed of the debris flow to rise and increase stability are used ecologically simple and pure polymer stabilizers. The potential for plant emergence on the surface of the foci is studied and the link between the equivalent mass of the crust created by the mixture of the polymer stabilizers and the mixture of polymer stabilizers is evaluated.

The regulation of debris flow, the issue of their energy dissipation, the selection of calculation models and the design of regulatory measures are related to the selection of the elements that determine the interaction with the flow of anti-flood buildings. In this scientific paper, innovative methods are used to determine and evaluate the criteria of debris flow behaviour at the point of origin, evaluating energetical specifications, and determining its density/bulk. In conjunction with rheology, we can determine energetic characteristics (of a debris flow) and for regulatory purposes, new regulatory constructions are being processed. Great attention should be paid to the latest debris flow regulatory elastic barrage which we received copyright and patent for. The project parameters have been calculated, for example, determining the required number of computational dependencies of the flow striking force acting on them in the plan

Water resources management is becoming one of the most pressing problems in the system of optimal

planning of economic activities. One of the most effective tools for optimizing wate

r resources management is

mathematical modeling based on the system analysis methodology

Mudflow regulation issues and design building standards and rules of engineering solutions are directly associated with the exact identification of the energetic properties of a current. The paper uses a quality mathematical model to describe the association between the tangent pressure and the velocity gradient of mudflows. By using the solution of the given mathematical model and by considering the specific nature of mudflows, the calculation dependencies for motion index and average and maximum velocities were obtained. 

The present article describes existing methods of calculating a drainage runoff module, their values ar compared with those of the countries of Europe, USA and Russia, Parallels are drawn between the climatic and soll conditions of the Great Britain and the Kolkheti lowland. In view of the above and according to the experimental data the following conclusion was made implying that a value of the drainage runoff design module for the conditions of the Kolkheti lowland requires to be increased

From the raw material base existed in Georgia (manganese ores, manganese containing mud), particularly, within the point of view of production availability, especial interest is paid to micro- fertilizers containing manganese. As a result of conducted investigation, there was established receiving of such manganese containing materials on the basis of manganese raw-material base (ore, mud) existed in Georgia, which shall be able to maximally provide assimilation ability of manganese, as microelement, in the desired period of time. And also, determinant of effectiveness and competitiveness of received materials with new composition shall become high content (more than 30%) of microelements in them (in comparison with existed similar products), when the total sum of useful components presented in them (active i.e. assimilated) is more than 50-70%, i.e. received materials belong to the materials having low-ballast and functionally revealed possibilities. 

The Duruji River considered as one of the most debris flow dangerous river of Georgia, which no one create danger for town Kvareli. For Kvareli danger is debris flow formed in river basin, that difficult is inert mass which is accumulated in the river bed. In article is considered modern condition of river Duruji basin and is provided recommendation about river bed cleaning necessity. The anthrophogenic impact on the environment often became cause formation of the anomalies, particularly, debris flow, the result is dramatically changing the existing situation and ecological balance. Currently the most effective measure performed for debris flow prevention in Kvareli is a river embankment. After its construction, debris flows have taken place for several times, but the town was not affected.

The article analyzes contemporary approaches to organization of watering crops in a protected ground. The strengths and weaknesses of the used irrigation methods are identified.

In the article is presented irrigation water suitable for irrigation, also influence of their quality on the ecosystems. It is considered methods of irrigation water characteristic according to their quality.

In the article is realized data of experiments carried out for determine soil washing out intensity in the zone of self flow irrigation of upper Samgori irrigation system. In the same condition of relief and irrigation water flow intensity on the humus sulfate soils washing out is more by pass irrigation in the dried crops row than irrigation with way regulation. In order to minimize irrigation erosion should be widely introduce drip irrigation

In this article some directions of improvement of the organization of use and protection of the irrigated lands are considered. 

In the article is used existing practical filtration calculation methodic for upper tier of combined drainage, which is located at the water resistant. This type of the drainage may be use for protection of productive soils from the logging with atmospheric precipitation. For arise affectivity of the drainage is necessary to conduct measure for arise water permeability in the upper half meter layer of soil.

Article reviews methods of increasing ecological safety and rating economical effectiveness of hydro-reclamational events.

In the article has been presented influence of hydrogeological conditions on the dynamic of ground water and saving ecological stability. It has been reviewed irrigation regime of ground water, as various of technogenic regime also caused factors of hydrogeological conditions. 

In the article has been considered research for studying of water-physical properties of Colchis lowland central part soils, connected to existing reclamation measures. Results of performed researches enough fully justified necessity of reconstruction drainage systems for planting one-year crop.

In article has been presented overview of reclamation essence and their variation, also is substantiated necessity of reclamation and its impact of soil quality improvement. It is presented necessity of restoration works for increase suitable agricultural soils area. The research aim is offer new, high effective, engineering-ecological measure for soil protection and quality improvement.

It is justified, which has become a material requirement of society's life, should be aimed at improving the environment, raising their material and aesthetic value for people, creating cultural landscapes, and it can be comprehensive, if it is based on the knowledge of those laws in which man is one of the active links.

From the energy point of view, the nature of the relationship between water and soils is considered. It has been established that the maximum molecular moisture capacity is a critical characteristic of changes in soil properties.

Consider bentonitis polyelectrolyte modification's physical-chemical mechanism, bentonits suspensions and polyelectrolyte's solutions interaction, their qualitative and quantitative component are ways of obtaining new multipurpose polymineral composite's getting technological terms and basic characters. 

Consider polycomplex on soils influences mechanism and as a result basis characterizes alteration. Demonstration polycomplex qualitative and quantativedoses which quartered soils characters purpose management

 Is observed increasable urbanized territories multy-factorial influences questions on surrounding, privately on water resources and current hydrogeology processes. It is demonstrate water components quantity and qualitative changeability in towns and their influence on urbanized territories situations.

The paper describes the results of investigations carried out to reduce the permeability of sandy, loamy and sandy loamy soils, which were processed by the aqueous caprolactam solution of surface-active matters. We conclude that this method can be considered as a perspective one. 

The article describes the fundamental theoretical principles needed to determine the dynamic characteristics of flow and its impact on the embankments, the results of experimental studies as well as the practical application of flexible protective coating. 

The paper discusses the negative ecological consequences of soil pollution, which may arise in connection with Georgia assuming the function of an oil transporting corridor. Ways of biotechnological rehabilitation of oil-polluted sections are shown, in particular the prospects of their recultivation with the use of Georgian peats. 

The paper deals with the causes of rockfall and its possible consequences on slopes adjacent to motorways and railways. A list of measures is given that hinder rockfall; these measures are directed at protecting roads from rockfalls, and not preventing them. From the standpoint of local stability of slopes the main effective measure is perhaps strengthening their surface by the method of filling, which will check or end (or both) the process of deformation, local slipping off, sliding off and development of erosion. 

The paper describes complex protection of slopes by means of plant sowing and polymeric coating. Also, there are given data about the following components: water resistant polymeric coating of equivalent friction, resistance to water and wind erosion, different intensity of rain and changeability in wind force, temperature and water regimes under the protected surface, plant growth and vegetation, and recommended doses of polycomplexes for the different types of soils. 

The authors have analyzed the data on the pollution of the Black Sea, based on the material gathered by various scientific expeditions of Ukraine, Bulgaria, Turkey, Russia and Georgia. Use has been made of the techniques of reliability theory and the theory of stochastic problems, on whose basis the critical pollution of the Black Sea is assessed.

On the basis of an analysis of numerous literature data and findings of personal studies, the paper proposes: a specified power conception of water-soil interaction, a new classification of forms and categories of water, and methods of practical determination of the quantitative indices of corresponding moisture content.