Nugzar Buachidze

The paper summarizes the results of multi-year (2015-2020) environmental assessments of these rivers. Hydrochemical parameters (forms of biogenic elements, heavy metals, basic ions) and physico-chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, ° t, dissolved oxygen-DO) were determined in the analytical samples. Based on the obtained results, the ecological condition of the rivers was assessed. Using the proposed equation and integrated chemical parameters (taking into account the Water Framework Directive -2000 / 60 / EC), the pollution rate of the rivers and the water quality classification of each river were determined.

All types of hydrochemical and physico-chemical analyzes were performed using modern methods that meet and comply with European standards.

The research focuses mainly on the technical feasibility and cost-effectiveness of new technologies aimed at minimizing fuel emissions. The aim of the research is to minimize pollutant gases by trapping exhaust gases from cars with cheap Georgian zeolite and, consequently, to introduce the method proposed by us by the state or any interested private company.

In the first stage, under the conditions of zeolite application, the degree of adsorption of CO, NO, NO2 and SO2 will be determined for gasoline and diesel vehicles (at low speeds) and consequently the exhaust gases. Pass different amounts of sorbent (50, 100, 200, 400 g) over the same time unit (to determine the optimal amount of sorbent). Subsequent similar experiments will be carried out under conditions of higher vehicle load.

The second stage involves a similar experiment conducted with the vehicle selected at speed and a fixed amount of sorbent, but with different durations of time (2, 4, 8 hours), to determine the optimal survey time.

In 2019-2020, the hydrochemical and microbiological characterization of the natural waters around the Madneuli plant was studied, taking into account the issues of biodiversity control and conservation. There was an increase in the content of heavy metals - Cd, Fe, Zn and Cu in excess of the maximum allowable concentration in natural waters; The rest of the heavy metals are within the norm; High iron content in drinking and artesian waters has been identified; A special load falls on the river. On Kazretula. In 2020, the enterprise was built on the river. Turning Kazretula into a capsule where the river water is treated and the fact that the dirtiest river, where the wastewater from the enterprise falls and which was a microbiological dead river, is now relatively clean, which can be observed visually and microbiologically analyzed.

In 2020, the enterprise was built on the river. Turning Kazretula into a capsule where the river water is treated and the fact that the dirtiest river, where the wastewater from the plant falls and which was a microbiological dead river, is now clean, which can be visually observed and microbiological analysis confirmed.

There are currently 56 official non-hazardous waste landfills in Georgia, of which only 36 are operational. The data should indicate that there is no official landfill for construction waste or an existing landfill for hazardous waste. There are many uncontrolled landfills in Georgia. Pollution conditions have been studied based on modern methodology and techniques (ISO methods).

The obtained results allow the conclusion:

     • Pollution is different for western and eastern Georgia. Analysis of water and soil samples showed that the landfill areas and water bodies in western Georgia are relatively less polluted than similar areas in eastern Georgia;

• In the analyzed samples, the concentrations of various contaminants identified from soil and water samples (heavy metals - Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and biogenic elements - total coli forms, fecal streptococci and E. coli) exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations.

The part of Georgian population living on the rural territory is approximately 46%, and 66% of the territory of Georgia consists of high mountainous regions inhabited by 6.5% of the country’s population.The high mountainous regions of Georgia are characterized by relatively structural weaknesses: non-diversified economy, outmigration, extreme poverty, underdeveloped infrastructure, limited access to health care and other public services such as waste management and sewerage. All these lead to increased formation of illegal dumpsites and latrines, which in turn impact on climate change. The aim of the research was to determine impact of illegal dumpsite and latrines on climate change using IPCC methodology and experimental data about quantity and morphological

composition of municipal solid waste and statistical data of amount of latrines in High Mountainous Rural Regions of Georgia. The results of illegal dumpsites and latrines study shows that methane emissions from illegal dumpsites generated by high-mountainous rural regions of Georgia is 0.01% of emissions from the waste sector, while methane emissions from latrines amount is 0.01% of emissions from all sectors of Georgia.

There are currently 56 official landfills for non-hazardous waste, of which only 36 are operational. However, it should be noted that there is no official landfill for construction waste or an existing landfill for hazardous waste. There are many uncontrolled landfills in Georgia. They are located in populated areas, valleys and rivers. You can often find hazardous waste at landfills, as Georgian law does not regulate the management of hazardous waste. Thus, uncontrolled landfills pose a huge threat to the population of the region. In the regions and especially in the villages, local governments are unable to provide a high level of cleaning services, which is caused by the years and amount of waste accumulated in different areas. Often uncontrolled landfills are located near populated areas. Moreover, hazardous waste can also be dumped in uncontrolled landfills, which may cause health problems for the population of the regions.

The most visible uncontrolled landfills in the western and eastern part of Georgia were selected. In particular, the regions of Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Kvemo Kartli have been studied in Eastern Georgia; And in western Georgia Imereti and Samtskhe-Javakheti, respectively. Both chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed on samples taken from their surrounding areas. If the landfill was located in the vicinity of a river, the main physico-chemical parameters of surface waters were determined using field equipment during field work. Relevant evaluations were provided after processing the obtained results. Risks caused by environmental pollution and negative impacts on public health were assessed.

The paper examines the impact of the most visible natural landfills in some regions of eastern and western Georgia on the degree of pollution in the surrounding areas. In many cases, they can not be removed or cleaned from the given areas and, therefore, remain there for many years and become one of the sources of pollution with various types of waste in the surrounding areas. Consequently, the sanitary condition of these areas is significantly deteriorating. To do this, hydro-chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed on the samples taken (soil and water) and, accordingly, the main pollutants that pollute this type of landfills were identified. All types of laboratory work were performed in an accredited laboratory of the Environmental Pollution Monitoring Department of the National Environment Agency. In the field, the physico-chemical parameters of the water were measured using a portable device (in case the natural landfill is located near the river). The degree of impact of natural landfills on ecosystems was assessed accordingly, as well as the negative processes that may occur in people living in these regions.

he soil content of some areas around the landfills with respect to some heavy metals was studied. It has been found that under the given conditions the soils are often contaminated with elements such as lead, zinc and copper in no case have the mercury content been detected in any dose.

As a result of the conducted studies, we can say that the water quality of the Mtkvari River and some of its tributaries is deteriorating according to the direction of their flow, and this tendency is manifested in the period of low water. "Clean", "slightly polluted" and "polluted" tributaries of the Mtkvari River were identified.

It is shown, that the relief of the Caucasus significantly influences on the trajectory of the pollution distribution. The North West orientation of the Main Caucasian Range resists air motion to the north, constrains the radioactive pollution in the boundary layer to flow around the Main Caucasian Range from the west or east sides. It is obtained that the 48 hours are necessary for the radioactive cloud to overflow the South Caucasus and distribute over the territory of the North Caucasus. The radioactive pollution is falling out mainly in the central, southeast and northwest parts of the South Caucasus. The zone of the radioactive deposition is extended along the background wind and deformed by the influence of the relief. The maximum length of the zone of significant deposition of radioactive substance equals approximately 750 km in case of the background South East wind and 350 km in other cases. The maximum width of the zone approximately equals 150 km. It is obtained that the surface density of the deposited radioactive nuclide in the zone of significant radioactivity decreases from 360 a.u./m² down to 1 a.u./m² when the concentration of 10 aerosol 131I in emission plume during during 6 hours are equal to 100 a.u./m3.

The paper discusses the impact of saline and bituminous soils and groundwater on the old Anaga artificial reservoir, which has had a profound effect on its chemical composition. High content of some ingredients at the maximum permissible concentration of fishery water supply revealed

On the example of the Mtkvari River Basin, using the method we have chosen, the possibility of assigning a surface water quality classification was considered. The priority indicators that are most characteristic and acceptable for the water quality of the given river basin and accordingly the classification have been identified. It turned out that the river. The waters of some tributaries of the Mtkvari correspond to the class of "polluted" or "slightly polluted", which in itself is worrying. It was also found that the degree of their pollution depends to some extent on the seasonality of the year.

On the example of the Mtkvari River Basin, using the method we have chosen, the possibility of assigning a surface water quality classification was considered. The priority indicators that are most characteristic and acceptable for the water quality of the given river basin and accordingly the classification have been identified. It turned out that the river. The waters of some tributaries of the Mtkvari correspond to the class of "polluted" or "slightly polluted", which in itself is worrying. It was also found that the degree of their pollution depends to some extent on the seasonality of the year.

 By numerical modeling the distribution of radioactive cloud in the atmosphere of Poti and its surroundings in different meteorological conditions are studied.

Destructive strains of petroleum products were identified and the types of functional groups they digest into molecules of petroleum products were identified.

Doctoral Thesis Referee

Master Theses Supervisor

Doctoral Thesis Supervisor/Co-supervisor

Scientific editor of monographs in foreign languages

Scientific editor of a monograph in Georgian

Editor-in-Chief of a peer-reviewed or professional journal / proceedings

Review of a scientific professional journal / proceedings

Member of the editorial board of a peer-reviewed scientific or professional journal / proceedings

Participation in a project / grant funded by an international organization

Participation in a project / grant funded from the state budget

Patent authorship

Membership of the Georgian National Academy of Science or Georgian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Membership of an international professional organization

Membership of the Conference Organizing / Program Committee

National Award / Sectoral Award, Order, Medal, etc.

Honorary title

Monograph

Handbook

Research articles in high impact factor and local Scientific Journals

Publication in Scientific Conference Proceedings Indexed in Web of Science and Scopus