Nazibrola Beglarashvili

Kakheti region is one of the hail risk regions in Georgia. It is particularly noteworthy that Kakheti is famous for its agricultural crops, vineyards, gardens, annual and perennial crops. In the warm period of the year, there are frequent hailstorms, which destroy the crops and thus cause great damage to both the region and the country's economy. In many cases, the intensity of hail determines the amount of damage - the greater the intensity, the greater the damage. The purpose of the study is to determine the intensity of hail for the Kakheti region, which is the subject of our special interest, since intense hail damages this region the most. Average and maximum intensities of hail were estimated based on available data. Areas of intense hail were defined according to different intensities. Tables of average and maximum intensity of hail and corresponding geo- informational maps were compiled. The research was carried out according to the data of 10 meteorological stations in the Kakheti region, which includes both the last century (1983-1991) and 2014-2018 data on hail. The obtained results will contribute to the planning and implementation of anti-hail works in the Kakheti region.

The importance of highways in the mountainous regions of Georgia is very great for the socio-economic development of the country. Such natural disasters as snow avalanches significantly damage the road infrastructure, create delays in movement, often cause human casualties. Therefore, in order to implement preventive measures, the study of avalanche hazards on highways is of great importance. Mestia municipality of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region (Zemo Svaneti) is characterized by mountainous and high-mountain terrain, snow avalanches are frequent, including on sections of highways.

The Racha-Lechkhumi Kvemo Svaneti region of Georgia belongs to the high mountain region (400-4000 m. above sea level). The region is characterized by steep slopes and abundant snowfall. Therefore, avalanches are not a rare event in the region. Snow avalanches especially damage the road infrastructure that connects the municipalities of the region. In winter, the blocking of road sections by avalanches from the slopes threatens

the surrounding populated areas, causes ecological problems and human casualties are frequent. Meteorological elements: air temperature, snow cover, precipitation are studied on the research sections of the highways of the region. The data is processed according to the data of two weather stations in the region (Oni, Mamison Pass) and covers the last 60 years. Based on the results of the research. A geo-informational map of avalanche hazards of road sections of the Racha-Lechkhumi Kvemo Svaneti region has been compiled.

The conducted research will significantly contribute to the implementation of correct and effective anti-avalanche measures.

The snow avalanche has an insidious character, it can be repeated once in 100-200 years and cause great harm to the population of the mountainous region. There are many examples of damage caused by avalanches. In the 20th century, several thousand soldiers were died by avalanches in the Alps during the First World War, on the Austrian-Italian front. There are many examples of them not only in the Alps but also in the mountainous regions of Georgia. Frequently, snow avalanches block important transportation routes that connect people and countries.

The results of the analysis of radar studies of hail processes over the territories of Georgia and Azerbaijan on May 28 and July 13, 2019 are presented. Based on the values of the maximum size of hailstones in clouds, using the Zimenkov-Ivanov model, the expected sizes of hailstones falling on the earth's surface are calculated. The degree of damage to vineyards, wheat and corn, depending on the size of the hail, was determined by summarizing the known data on damage to these crops at different kinetic energy of hail and data on the average kinetic energy of hail of different magnitudes. Based on this compilation, regression equations were obtained for the relationship between the degree of damage to these crops and the size of hailstones, which have the form of a sixth degree of a polynomial. According to this equation, calculations were made of the degree of maximum damage to vineyards, wheat and corn along the trajectories of hail clouds over the territories of Georgia and Azerbaijan.

Precipitation of more than 100 mm per day falls very rarely in Tbilisi (several cases in the last 120 years). On August 29, 2023, this incident repeated itself. In this work an analysis of this rare phenomenon for Tbilisi is presented.

Some results statistical analysis of the daily mean (Wmean) and max (Wmax) wind speed for Tbilisi from January 1, 1971 to December 31, 2020 are presented. In 1971-2020 annual mean of Wmean was 1.5 m/sec, and Wmax - 9.1 m/sec. In 1996-2020 compared with 1971-1995 annual mean of Wmean increased by 0.8 m/sec, and Wmax - by 0.3 m/sec. Intraannual distribution of monthly average of daily mean and max wind speed Tbilisi in 1971-2020 has the form of a sixth power polynomial. Regression equations were obtained for the relationship between the repetition of mean daily and maximum wind speed in Tbilisi with the central points of wind speed on the Beaufort Wind Scale

Based on the measurements carried out at 4 observation points in the city of Telavi, the microclimatic features of the city have been studied. Maps of isotherms are built for the average summer and for the 17-hour period in August. In the center of the city (point B) there is a "heat island", where the temperature in August exceeds 31.50. Temperatures in the north (point A) of this "island" are 30-310, and in the south on the streets leading uphill (point C) it drops to 290 and reaches a minimum of 280, in the vicinity of the State University (point D). The presence of such microclimatic features is clearly seen in such a small but difficult to disperse city.

The entire country is at an increased risk of hazardous meteorological events as a result of climate change. This includes a rise in the frequency of strong winds, which represents a substantial challenge to the country's economy. The objective of our research is to identify the locations in Georgia that have seen high wind speeds during the past four years. The research examines the spatial distribution of high-velocity winds (defined as a wind speed equal to or greater than 15 m/s) in specific regions of Georgia throughout the time frame from 2019 to 2022. Analysedand processed wind data from 12 meteorological stations in Georgia. By analysing the data from meteorological stations, we created tables and graphs that display the monthly and station-specificnumbers for the frequency of strong winds. The study period has revealed the focal points where high wind development occurs. An analysis is conducted on instances of powerful wind as a hazardous meteorological phenomenon in the region of Georgia. The rise in the frequency of strong winds has garnered significant attention, particularly within the framework of climate change

The study showed, that in the atmosphere of the Rustavi city, the concentrations of PM2.5 are usually lower than the concentrations of PM10, but the character of their change curve in the atmosphere of the city is almost always the same. The maximum values of the concentrations of the studied micro particles almost always exceed the values of the corresponding maximum allowable concentration. The trend of hourly change of PM-particles concentrations in Rustavi differs from the results obtained in Tbilisi, since the content of micro particles in the atmosphere of the city of Rustavi is affected not only by the traffic intensity, but also by the mode of operation of industrial enterprises. As a result, their maximum content in the atmosphere of the city of Rustavi is observed in any interval of the day. Experimental measurements have shown that the tendency to increase the content of PM-particles in the atmosphere of the city of Rustavi determines both the flow of vehicles and emissions from industrial enterprises and meteorological conditions. 

These regions are specifically complex in physical geographic conditions. these regions are typically known for the difficult development of natural disasters, which causes snowfalls and snowstorms. The research is done from 2014-2018 years.The research analyses disasters' distribution in the number of days and areas in the region during these five years. the geoinformation maps are made according to the research. The damage caused by the disaster in the different municipalities is describedin the study.The research results help reducing damage caused by snowfalls, snowstorms, and avalanches in the regions of Adjara and Guria. which will help creating a safe environment in these mountainous regions on its own.

2014-2018 data on strong wind cases (V≥15 m/s) are considered. The climatic characteristics of strong winds, such as the number of days, wind speed, and direction, are studied for a five-year study period. Also, strong wind distribution areas are defined according to the municipalities. Some cases of damage caused by strong winds in 2014-2018 are described.

Based on the available data a geoinformation map of the distribution of strong winds in the regions of Georgia are compiled.

The study used wheat varieties common in the region: Tbilisi 15, Red Doli bread of Akhaltsikhe and Sauli 9. On the content of chemicals in grains, we conducted an experimental study. Phenological observations were made during the vegetation period: emergence, recording, pruning, plant resistance to dormancy, disease resistance. As a result of the analysis of the research, we found: Wheat sowing dates, depending on the variety, affect the chemical content of the grain. From four sowing periods, the content of chemicals within the norm was observed within the conditions of the second and third sowing periods

The analysis of the data of the Georgian Environment Agency on the incidents of heavy rainfall, floods and floodings in Kakheti (Georgia) and damage from them in 2014-2018 is presented. The greatest number of days with heavy rainfall, floods and floodings for the indicated five years was recorded in municipality of Lagodekhi (10 day), the smallest - in municipality of Sighnaghi (2 day). And in Dedoplistskaro municipality in 2014-2018 no incidents were reported. A map of these cases has been built.

The analysis of the data of the Georgian Environment Agency on the incidents of hail in Kakheti (Georgia) and damage from them in 2014-2018 is presented. The greatest number of days with hail for the indicated five years was recorded in municipality of Telavi (17 days with hail, 38 locations subjected to hail), the smallest - in municipality of Dedoplistskaro (2 day with hail, 2 locations subjected to hail). A map of hail cases has been built.

This article describes the effects of ground blizzard factor on agricultural production. Data of 85 meteorological stations about the climatic characteristics of the ground blizzard were processed. The dynamics of the multi-year changes of a ground blizzard has been researched. Geoinformation maps of ground blizzard distribution were created for Georgia. The results obtained will help some branch of agro-sector for carrying out measures to protect from ground blizzard and minimize losses.

Most of the territory of Georgia occupies mountain landscape and the development of mountain regions has high value for country. For the development of mountain health resorts it is important to in proper time liquidate the negative consequences of different dangerous weather phenomena, including blizzard. Also, it is important to introduce effective measures to eliminate the consequences of the blizzard for the smooth operation of Georgia as a regional transport hub.

In the present study has been investigated the number of days with a blizzard. There are presented geoinformation maps of average and maximum blizzard days for Georgia. The number of days of blizzard have been studied according the materials of observations made 86 meteorological stations of Georgia as of from 1966 to 2017.

Obtained results will be used in carry out preliminary measures to minimize damage caused by blizzard.

Data on 18 meteorological stations for the Samtskhe-Javakheti region have been analyzed. The average annual and maximum annual days of the blizzard days for the last 50 years are calculated. Characteristics of the distribution of blizzard throughout the region throughout the year are analyzed. The blizzard changes with respect to changes in altitude have been estimated.

The analysis of the data of the Georgian Environment Agency on the incidents of hail in Georgia and damage from them in 2016-2018 is presented. The greatest number of days with hail for the indicated three years was recorded in Kakheti (32 days with hail, 90 locations subjected to hail), the smallest - in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (one day with hail, 1 subjected to hail locations). A map of hail cases has been built.

65% of territory of Georgia occupy mountain landscape, and the development of mountain regions has high value for Georgia. For the development of mountain health resorts it is important to in proper time liquidate the negative consequences of different dangerous weather phenomena, including blizzard. Also, it is important to the introduction of effective measures for control of blizzard for a trouble-free operation of the Georgia as regional transport hub.

In the present study has been investigated the number of days with a blizzard. There are presented geographic maps of average and maximum blizzard days for Georgia.

Number of blizzard days have been studied according the materials of observations made meteorological stations of Georgia as of from 1966 to 2017. Obtained results will be used in carry out preliminary measures to minimize damage caused by blizzard.

Investigated the annual average and the largest number of day blizzard in Georgia. Factual

materials was used data of 85 meteorological stations about blizzard in the territory of Georgia. Based on the

existing data was created GIS map of the distribution of the annual average number of days of blizzard in

Georgia.

For the Kakheti region are investigated Perennial change of the hailstorm prior to the beginning of global warming-up, which includes period since the beginning of the observations to the hail processes up to 1990 and years after the global warming-up (1990-2014). For the municipalities of region are analyzed the dynamics of hailstorm under the conditions of global warming-up and are represented the corresponding trends of hailstorm.

 For sustainable economic development of Georgia, it is necessary to develop approaches to climate change adaptation.

Climate change, global warming processes and their impact for maintain a plant biodiversity is an important event. It is therefore is necessary to elaborate ways of adapting cultivated plants for relevant climate conditions. We studied some agro-technical issues for one of the important agricultural culture Tritikale green mass and obtain a high harvest for make it possible to insure the

harmful influences of climate change. According to the survey Triticale have possibility to receive high-yielding product for

conditions of climate change. 

Hail is a hazardous weather phenomena, which inflict enormous damage to the economy, especially agriculture, since often completely demolishes or considerably damages crops, plants, gardens, vineyards, extirpates live-stock, destroys buildings and various constructions. Georgia was one of the first countries worldwide, where as early as from 60’s of the last century has been arranged a specialized service for combating with hail, which protected about 200 thousands hectares of territory Hail-suppression works have been interrupted after the collapse of Soviet Union but in last year, as a result of catastrophic hail hits, which inflict considerable material damage, the Georgian government has raised a question of renewal of hail-suppression works. Institutes of Hydrometeorology and geophysics have been assigned with solution of this problem. All this placed on the agenda a question of necessity of study of space structure of number of hail days, its periodicity, intensity, duration and areas of hail hit on the basis of advanced materials, and that was namely the goal of this article. Number of hail days, periods of hailfall, intensity, duration, number and area of hail hits have been studied according the materials of observations made by 30 meteorological stations of Eastern Georgia as of from 1961 to 2012. Obtained results will be used in case of renewal of hail-suppression works.. 

Rehabilitated and rehabilitated sections of Tbilisi-Senaki-Leselidze road are discussed. Quantitative emissions of greenhouse gases are calculated for both sections. Greenhouse gas emission reduction potential and environmental efficiency of engineering innovation are evaluated

 The rehabilitation of “Vaziani-Gombori-Telavi” main road in Georgia is considered as a climate change mitigation measure. The road is 75 km shorter than is alternative “Vaziani-Gurjaani-Telavi” road thus enabling to reduce the GHG emissions from motor transport. The ecological and economic efficiency of the rehabilitated roads is assessed

The research field covers the monitoring of ecological problems, the investigation of climate changes, the assessment of energy-efficient technologies and the support of the implementation and their use. besides that, a special and actual research focus of the institute lies in greenhouse gas emissions caused by energy consumption

Doctoral Thesis Referee

Master Theses Supervisor

Doctoral Thesis Supervisor/Co-supervisor

Scientific editor of monographs in foreign languages

Scientific editor of a monograph in Georgian

Editor-in-Chief of a peer-reviewed or professional journal / proceedings

Review of a scientific professional journal / proceedings

Member of the editorial board of a peer-reviewed scientific or professional journal / proceedings

Participation in a project / grant funded by an international organization

Participation in a project / grant funded from the state budget

Patent authorship

Membership of the Georgian National Academy of Science or Georgian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Membership of an international professional organization

Membership of the Conference Organizing / Program Committee

National Award / Sectoral Award, Order, Medal, etc.

Honorary title

Monograph

Handbook

Research articles in high impact factor and local Scientific Journals

Publication in Scientific Conference Proceedings Indexed in Web of Science and Scopus