Gurami Grigolia

With the purpose of establishment of tendencies of variability of average monthly discharges of Alazani River and their annual shares, computation of intra-annual flow of most important water artery – Alazani river that is one of the topical issues of supply of Kakheti region with irrigation water, has been carried out. Average monthly discharges Q, modulus coefficients K, percentage share P_%Q , correlation coefficients of discharge trend RQ and correlation coefficients of share trends for period of 1966-1986 years where computed by us for Alazani river (near Shakriani). Computation reveals that any trend is registered in none of months, the variability according to separate months is of almost the same nature and tendencies of increased or decreased variability according to discharge and percentage give us nearly identical picture.

Not all the floods and freshets observed every year on rivers in Georgia, lead us to destructive effects, lots of them don’t grow into catastrophes. The catastrophic nature of floods and freshets is basically caused by the excessive intensity of snow melting, which becomes even stronger, when during snow-melting period take place atmospheric precipitations of considerable extent in the form of rains. Detailed investigation of this phenomenon is very important for mitigation of results of floods and freshets. Variability of frequency of floods and freshets on Georgia’s rivers (Rioni, Chorokhi, Atcharistskali, Mtkvari, Potskhovi) has been compared. Main attention is focused on the amount of water maximum discharge’s hitting in different ranges in separate months every year during the observation period. Ranges for separate steps are selected using module coefficient, in order to make possible receipt of unified results for different rivers. Also the coefficient of freshet activity is studied, which is getting smaller with an increase of the catchment basin area. All the mentioned gives us an opportunity to compare the range of maximum discharge variation according to separate months.   

 Following the climatic changes, the increased frequency and severity of the natural calamities (storms, floods and flashfloods) is observed, and the eustasy (rising level of the black Sea in respect of land) is followed by increased risks of flooding at the river mouths, what on its turn, reduces the reliability of the coast-protective structures evidenced in the mouth of the river Rioni. The risky periods (months) of floods and flashfloods were identified by using continuous observed data of the river Rioni, and besides, average monthly, instant and daily water peak discharges were assessed. the risk of floods and flashfloods in the 1st and 9th months is little, while in other months it is significant with almost identical frequency. As a conclusion, we can say that the maximum of the coincidence of the river Rioni peak discharge with over 800 m³/sec reoccurrence and stormy phenomena during the year takes place in the months of February to April what will result in the intensified washout processes in the river Rioni delta

There has been ascertained the vegetation period of the Alazani river according to individual month, quarters, maximum and minimal water discharge, extremes, alteration and other statistical qualities. By using the dynamics through years the trends and tendencies of the changes have been identified. the figures are of scientific value and can be used in designing and economic organizations for calculating water resources. Due the warming trend, water evaporation will increase and the river flow will decrease, which will ultimately lead to the lack of water supply in irrigation period in summer. For the aim of mitigation of negative consequences of drought, a set of measures is recommended so as to slow down turning the territory into a desert, increase agricultural produce and improve economic well-being of the population.

Doctoral Thesis Referee

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Scientific editor of monographs in foreign languages

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