Ketevan ketiVezirishvili-Nozadze

Prospects for the use of complex energy saving systems for geothermal heat supply for various sectors of the national economy of the Imereti region are discussed. It is shown that the thermal potential of the geothermal waters of the Imereti region can be used for the supply of agricultural facilities, industrial enterprises and settlements.

The causes of environmental damage caused by the burning of organic fuels in the world are analyzed. It has been shown that one of the promising directions for reducing the environmental damage caused by the burning of organic fuels is the widespread use of non-traditional, renewable energy sources for thermal and electrical energy. The scientific-research works carried out by international and local organizations in the country were analyzed, which shows that Georgia has a large supply of renewable, non-traditional energy resources: be it 43 hydro, solar, wind, geothermal water or biogas alternative resources. However, the laws supporting their development have not been adopted so far, so the level of use of these resources is currently very low, and this happens when our country buys 300 million GEL of natural gas abroad annually. 50% of natural gas consumed in Georgia is used to obtain low-potential thermal energy (40-150 ° C) to provide heating and hot water. The report focuses on ways to solve these problems.

Georgia is a small country, power grid of which goes to expand day-by-day. Nowadays Georgia has the parallel synchronous connections with Russia and Azerbaijan. In addition, Georgia will have parallel asynchronous connections (through HVDC back-to-back station) with Armenia and Turkey. This means that in near future, power transit from Russia, Azerbaijan or Armenia to Turkey through Georgian system will be implemented. Because of connection of Turkey with united European grid, Georgian system in connected to Turkey through Back-to-Back (B2B) station, which is located in Akhaltsikhe substation. In present time, two blocks are ready for operation, installation of third one in near future is planned. Nominal active power of each B2B block is 350 MW. In future, depending on scenario, there may be all three or two blocks in operation. Hence, the summary power flow will be in range of 700- 1000 MW. The abstract consists from overview of power system analysis and control. Basic overview of transient processes, concept and analysis of system stability, methods of power system control are represented here.

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Mankind's global efforts to combat climate change are taking place within the framework of the Convention and include working in two main areas: reducing greenhouse gases (so-called "mitigation") and finding ways to adapt to climate change, or to increase resilience to inevitable change.

Developed countries are reducing their emissions in line with the quantitative commitments made under the Kyoto Protocol. Small states like Georgia are trying to adapt more, which is preceded by a serious analysis of the consequences of current climate change and the need to make appropriate adjustments to their development plans.

The present paper is an attempt to present the main essence of the problem and to put emphasis on the way of energy policy planning and strategic course setting.

The country's energy sector requires urgent and serious attention to avoid existing and future complications. Given the problems of climate change and its development scenarios, it is necessary to develop a long-term strategy for the development of the energy sector, on the basis of which sectoral development plans are then drawn up.

The transfer of European experience and technological re-equipment, especially in the field of water resources management, energy efficiency and alternative energy development, will be crucial in the development of the energy sector strategy and concrete action plan based on it. In this regard, it is important to use the knowledge and capabilities already available in the country (e.g. water resources and energy development assessments prepared under the country's Fifth National Communication and the results obtained in the current technology needs assessment project).

In the process of technological rearmament, it is very important to maintain gradualism and moderation in order for innovations to be organically "recorded" in the Georgian economy. To ensure this, it is necessary to carry out preliminary work (research, teaching, creating other opportunities, creating a favorable environment). It would be fruitful to draw on European experience in greenhouse gas regulation, mitigation potential assessment and the preparation of national action plans. The European Neighborhood Partnership Program is an optimal tool for accomplishing all of these tasks.

Georgia is rich in renewable energy resources, of which hydro resources are especially noteworthy. The economically viable potential of the country's hydropower resources is about 40 billion kWh, of which only 30% is exploited.

Georgia occupies a strategic geopolitical location and has the potential to become an energy hub. Also, carry out transit between the immediate neighbors (Azerbaijan-Turkey; Russia-Armenia-Iran), as well as between the regions of Europe and Central Asia.

Georgia aspires to integration into European structures. Membership in the Energy Union provides an opportunity to introduce European quality standards in the planning, management and operation of the energy system, as well as to become a member of the European electricity market.

The country has the opportunity to increase the share of renewable energy, both water and wind and solar, and thus reduce the share of generation of imported electricity and thermal power plants, respectively, to increase the degree of energy independence and clean energy consumption.

Given the country's relatively small size, high ease of doing business, and convenient location, Georgia has the potential to become the best place to start energy project startups and pilot projects.

The report evaluates the solar energy potential of Kvemo Kartli region, technical-economic aspects of its use and prospects for development. The territory of Kvemo Kartli is characterized by great helioenergy potential. The use of solar as a renewable energy resource allows to create additional energy capacities in the region, which will ensure the widespread use of this resource and increase energy security.

The paper emphasizes that the development of a strategy for the protection of the ecosystem and the rational use of natural resources, the definition of its priorities, the introduction of modern, environmentally friendly technologies, is one of the necessary conditions for the growth of Georgia's economic potential.

   Studies show that there is a significant potential for solar energy in Kvemo Kartli. The implementation of the complex of measures listed below will significantly improve the energy balance of the region and reduce the consumption of expensive organic fuel. These measures are: - Develop a regional program for the use of solar energy;

- In order to implement this program, to find a group of investors, through which various facilities (industrial, residential, cultural-entertainment) will be equipped with active and passive heliosystems; - Preparatory work should be carried out for the construction of powerful thermal and photoelectric power stations in the region by 2025.

Today, as never before, the problem of energy security and sustainability is actively posed, especially in the light of the recently intensified opposition to hydropower. This in turn becomes a precondition for the fact that electricity imports from Russia and other neighboring countries (Azerbaijan and Turkey) are growing more and more.

In this article, we have tried to emphasize the main essence of the problem and provide comprehensive answers to all the questions raised.

Recently, there has been a view that the construction of new hydropower plants is not necessary, and that the rehabilitation of old hydropower plants will increase their productivity. Rehabilitation increases productivity, but many fail. In the case of Enguri HPP, it is 100-120 million kWh, less than 3% of its design capacity. Prior to the pandemic, the increase in electricity consumption exceeded 3% per year, and increasing the capacity of hydropower plants by a single 3% or even 5% would be just a drop in the ocean.

Many small hydropower plants can not replace one large hydropower plant, nor wind and solar stations, but their combination will significantly increase the total generation and allow all energy-deficient countries in all directions to meet their electricity needs and export.

For some reason, they think that talking about energy independence is a slogan, and they believe that there are no certain numbers behind it. Our country is almost 70-75% energy dependent on different countries and we are not talking about full energy independence, we can not accept that. We are talking about improving the energy independence characteristic.

Our energy is almost 80% dependent on the energy generated by hydropower plants. The deficit we have today is about one billion six hundred million, and if the blocking of generation projects continues like this, this deficit will increase from year to year. We believe that if we want the country to develop, energy must also develop, so we believe that "No to HPPs" is not really a good slogan for our country's economy. Moreover, it is actually a blow to the Georgian economy and, consequently, to the Georgian state.

Today, as never before, the problem of energy security and sustainability is actively posed, especially in the light of the recently intensified opposition to hydropower. This in turn becomes a precondition for the fact that electricity imports from Russia and other neighboring countries (Azerbaijan and Turkey) are growing more and more.

In this article, we have tried to emphasize the main essence of the problem and provide comprehensive answers to all the questions raised.

Recently, there has been a view that the construction of new hydropower plants is not necessary, and that the rehabilitation of old hydropower plants will increase their productivity. Rehabilitation increases productivity, but many fail. In the case of Enguri HPP, it is 100-120 million kWh, less than 3% of its design capacity. Prior to the pandemic, the increase in electricity consumption exceeded 3% per year, and increasing the capacity of hydropower plants by a single 3% or even 5% would be just a drop in the ocean.

Many small hydropower plants can not replace one large hydropower plant, nor wind and solar stations, but their combination will significantly increase the total generation and allow all energy-deficient countries in all directions to meet their electricity needs and export.

For some reason, they think that talking about energy independence is a slogan, and they believe that there are no certain numbers behind it. Our country is almost 70-75% energy dependent on different countries and we are not talking about full energy independence, we can not accept that. We are talking about improving the energy independence characteristic.

Our energy is almost 80% dependent on the energy generated by hydropower plants. The deficit we have today is about one billion six hundred million, and if the blocking of generation projects continues like this, this deficit will increase from year to year. We believe that if we want the country to develop, energy must also develop, so we believe that "No to HPPs" is not really a good slogan for our country's economy. Moreover, it is actually a blow to the Georgian economy and, consequently, to the Georgian state.

Doctoral Thesis Referee

Master Theses Supervisor

Doctoral Thesis Supervisor/Co-supervisor

Scientific editor of monographs in foreign languages

Scientific editor of a monograph in Georgian

Editor-in-Chief of a peer-reviewed or professional journal / proceedings

Review of a scientific professional journal / proceedings

Member of the editorial board of a peer-reviewed scientific or professional journal / proceedings

Participation in a project / grant funded by an international organization

Participation in a project / grant funded from the state budget

Patent authorship

Membership of the Georgian National Academy of Science or Georgian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Membership of an international professional organization

Membership of the Conference Organizing / Program Committee

National Award / Sectoral Award, Order, Medal, etc.

Honorary title

Monograph

Handbook

Research articles in high impact factor and local Scientific Journals

Publication in Scientific Conference Proceedings Indexed in Web of Science and Scopus