Besarion Partsvania

The new system of infrared imagaging of the prostate tissues has been developed. A computer program has been developed, which can be used to determine the degree of various aggressions.

Among neurological diseases, epilepsy is the most common chronic pathology of the brain, and treatment with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs can attenuate / block the development of neurodegenerative disorders associated with excitatory neurotoxicity. Among the antioxidants, flavonoids of plant origin deserve special attention. Quercetin plays an important role. A wide range of its pharmacological activity is well known. Despite its many biological effects, quercetin has limited action in the CNS due to its poor water solubility and poor bioavailability. Nanotechnology-based substance delivery systems represent a new effective and promising approach to increasing the bioavailability of substances. Complex studies involving behavior, electrophysiological experiments, and morphological studies have shown that quercetin-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles, by fluorescence and magnetic nanoparticle bonding, differ in fluorescence, location, fluorescence, and nanocomposition parameters.

The difficulties of the prostate cancer imaging methods are that the small volumes tumor could not be detected. In addition, they are partially invasive. Disadvantages of prostate cancer imaging methods motivated us to consider an alternative method. In the presentation we show that near-infrared radiation (NIR) can be successfully used to visualize prostate cancer lesions in isolated prostate.

56 cancerous prostate specimens were used for examination. Experiments have shown that the intensity of infrared light passing through a tumor is lower than the intensity of passing it into a non-tumor healthy tissue of prostate . Tumors are discriminated as dark spots on a relatively white background.

It has been shown that the penetration of infrared rays into cancerous tissue differs significantly from this penetration into healthy tissue. In particular, this radiation penetrates healthy tissue much better than tumor. We conclude from this that the optical density of prostate tumor tissue is much higher than the optical density of healthy tissue. For this reason, the tumor appears on the infrared image in the form of dark areas on a light background.

To compare the translumination images of cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, we developed a computer program. The principle is as follows: The program divides the brightness of the NIR transillumination image by 256 degrees. The number 255 corresponds to an absolute white picture. Conversely, 0 corresponds to an absolute dark image. The program allows to assign different codes to healthy and malignant areas. It separately calculates the average values ​​of their brightness and calculates their ratio. The received data is stored in memory. Such calculations are performed for all experiment to obtain a sequence of these ratios. When the number of experiments reaches a statistically reliable value (minimum 30 experiments), the program calculates a 95% confidence interval. In our case, after examining 41 prostate tumors, we obtained the above ratio in the range 0.169417-0.239595. The program compares this value with the confidence interval (0.169417-0.239595). If the newly calculated number falls within this 95% confidence interval, then with a 95% probability we can say that this new prostate is cancerous.

The developed computer program allows to measure the brightness of intensities corresponding to malignant and healthy tissues and  calculate their ratio

Prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer death in men worldwide. The existing methods of prostate cancer imaging are: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). However, main drawback of these methods is that they are not able to detect small volumes of cancerous outgrowths. Besides, these methods are highly complicated and partially invasive. This circumstance resulted in searching of amore simple, non-invasive method for the detection of prostate cancer at early stage of its development when tumor dimensions are small. In the present work we show that near-infrared irradiation (NIR) can be used for visualization and diagnosis of cancer outgrowth in the prostate in vitro. Experiments were carried out on the prostates derived from radical prostatectomy. After operation a prostate was examined with the use of infrared rays and transillumination images were obtained. For this purpose prostate was illuminated with near infrared radiation (NIR) by the means of light emitting diodes (850-920 nm). NIR passing through the prostate was captured by charge-coupled device (CCD camera) which in turn was connected to PC. Intensity of near infrared light passing through the noncancerous prostate tissue is nearly homogeneous. Intensity of near infrared light passing through the cancerous outgrowth is lower than the intensity passing through the non-cancerous tissue of the same prostate; thereby, cancerous formations are differentiated as the dark areas in the relatively white background. Specially developed software analyzes and processes a distribution of intensities of the grayscale images, measures the ratios of their strength, and determines the rate of prostate malignancy.

The penetration of near-infrared (NIR) radiation into biological tissues (human wrist, chicken muscle and skin, mollusk muscle) was studied. We explored the possibilities of visualizing various objects in biological tissues. It is found that: a) it is possible to see small objects of millimeter and submillimeter dimentions; And b) using NIR rays it is possible to distinguish different parts of inhomogeneous biological tissues. NIR may be a possible tool in the near future to make visible millimeter tumors located in the cavities of the human body. This will make it possible to diagnose cancer at an early stage of development.

The penetration of near-infrared (NIR) radiation into biological tissues (human wrist, chicken muscle and skin, mollusk muscle) was studied. We explored the possibilities of visualizing various objects in biological tissues. It is found that: a) it is possible to see small objects of millimeter and submillimeter dimentions; And b) using NIR rays it is possible to distinguish different parts of inhomogeneous biological tissues. NIR may be a possible tool in the near future to make visible millimeter tumors located in the cavities of the human body. This will make it possible to diagnose cancer at an early stage of development.

The spatial distribution of SAR in the human head depends on many different parameters, including frequency, telephone model, and telephone position relative to the head. A specially designed generator was used as the source of RF EMF. The nerve ganglion was placed in a small 1 cm vessel containing Ringer's solution. The FDTD model included an RF source, a TEM cell for a plastic container and its contents, and an appropriate load. The calculation of SAR in one neuron gave us a value of 8.2 W / kg. The calculated temperature increase was 1.21 ° C. The isolated nervous system of the mollusk Helix Pomatia was used in the experiments. After exposure to EMF for 60 minutes in the TEM, the nervous system was transferred to a screened camera. The threshold action potential (AP) firing and the time of habituation were examined. Was placed in a neuron two glass microelectrodes (ME). One microelectrode served for registration and the other for intracellular stimulation. Intracellular current injection was selected to stimulate neurons. At the beginning of each recording, the stimulus threshold value was determined to trigger the a single AP. This value depends on the excitability of the neurons. In order to force a neuron to generate several APs, a slightly higher stimulus must be supplied. During this type of stimulation, the neuron habituates to the stimulus. This is manifested by the neuron stopping the AP firing. The stimulus curve is a random variable. Its mathematical expectation (mean value) is unknown. For this reason, we calculated a 95% confidence interval for the unknown mean value of the stimulus threshold. The calculations were based on experimental measurement data. We found that these intervals are 0.21nA-0.38nA for control and 0.11nA-0.19nA for irradiated neurons, respectively. The intervals do not match. This means that the mean value of the threshold stimulus is lower for exposed neurons than for control neurons.

The habituation can be seen after the neuron stops generating action potentials (APs). For this purpose it is necessary to use a stimulus slightly higher than the threshold to trigger the AP series. The minimum value of the stimulus that causes the AP series to be generated is a random variable. A 95% confidence interval was calculated for this variable whose mean value for this random variable was 0.42nA-0.56nA. For control neurons this value was 0.19nA-0.35nA. This result was obtained based on data measurements. Relevant statistical analysis has shown that excitation of EMF-irradiated neurons requires significantly less stimulus to generate AP series than control neurons. If an EMF irradiated neuron is stimulated with a stimulus in the range 0.42nA-0.56nA. It activates AP firing longer than stimulated by a 0.19nA stimulus. 35nA interval (i.e., 95% confidence interval for EMF-irradiated neurons). Thus, it is obvious that neurons irradiated under the same stimulus conditions take longer time for habituation than control neurons.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the direct effects of commercially available cell phone radiation on neuronal excitability and memory processes. Isolated nervous system of mollusk Helix aspersa was used in the experiments. A transverse electromagnetic cell was used to irradiate neurons with an electromagnetic field. The finite difference time domain method FTDT was used to model field interactions with living neural ganglia and neurons. Electrophysiology of neurons was investigated using standard microelectrode techniques. The calculation of the energy velocity absorbed by one neuron gave us 0.63 watts / kg. The calculated temperature increase was 0, 1ºC. It has been shown that cell irradiation at the level of a single neuron decreases the mean latency period for response to a stimulus. A noticeable decrease in the latency period indicates a possible change in habituation when exposed to neurons directly by an electromagnetic field. The established fact indicates that the effect takes place in the middle of the exposure which will then pass.

Habitation can be thought of as a form of non-associative learning that is common to all animals. The simplest form of habituation is considered to be habituation to intracellular current pulses. The simplest form of habituation is also considered to be a habituation to a nerve-stimulating stimulus (voltage-pulse flow-antidromic stimulation). The effect of EMF on neuron habituation can be explained as follows: Exposure of neuron to EMF causes a decrease in membrane resistance, which in turn can prevent the increase repetition reactions to the stimulus. Reducing the membrane resistance may contribute to the electrotonic propagation of the depolarization to the trigger zone. For this reason the neuron continues AP firing for a long time in response to the stimulus and the habituation does not arise for a long time. Inhibition of habituation can be seen as a loss of the neuron's ability to store information. An increase in AP rise and fall times observed during intracellular stimulation, as well as other changes in peak parameters, may reflect changes in ionic currents (invard Na + Ca ++ and outward K + currents of AP). Similar effects were observed at AP peak parameters during antidromic stimulation of the nerve. A comparison of the peak parameters of the APs of a sham and exposed neuron reveals that in both cases the width of the APs increased, the rise and fall times of the APs increased.

The electromagnetic field (EMF) of GSM cellular phones acts thermally on living tissues. In this communication system, radio frequency EMF is modulated at extremely low frequencies (ELF) -8, 43 and 217 Hz. On the other hand, a large number of studies confirm the existence of non-thermal effects of EMF on biological systems. The current controversy is that ELF-EMF can produce biological non-thermal effects. We present in vitro experimental data showing that neurons from the brain ganglia of the mollusk Helix Pomatia are sensitive to the ELF magnetic field at 8.34 Hz, in the range 0.2–10 mT.

The effect of 900 MHz electromagnetic field (EM) radiation on a mollusk neuron exposed to EMF in a TEM cell is investigated. The corresponding TEM cell model for 900 MHz was developed and fabricated  after digital processing. The spatial absorption velocity and temperature increase of elartromagnetic energy are calculated by the FDTD method. A series of experiments is presented. The results of an experimental study are presented. We investigated effects of RF EMF on neuron habituation to stimulation, which is considered to be the simplest type of learning.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is known to be one of the most well-established and highly specific antigen in the prostate epithelial cell membrane. PSMA is a type II transmembrane zinc metallopeptidase belonging to the M28 peptidase family. It has hydrolyzing enzyme activity and is also known as FOLH1 (leaf hydrolysis. The combination of a nanoparticle platform for tumor cell surface biomarkers with target ligands is a promising architecture for selective drug delivery and uptake into target cells. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) tend to attach to many biological probes, such as antibodies, enzymes, lectins, glycans, nucleic acids, and receptors. In this study, as a biomarker of prostate cancer (CaP), We offer GNPs that work with PSMA and fluorescent dyes. We investigated the possibility of receiving an increased 382 fluorescence signals received from GNPs conjugated to fluorescent dye and PSMA. The electric charge on GNPs, the distance between the GNP and the fluorescent dye molecules, has a significant effect on the luminescence intensity, and this amplification is highly dependent on the excitation wavelength of the laser pump source. A charged antigen, such as PSMA, can be absorbed by GNP through electrostatic interaction.

According to the World Health Organization, cancer-related deaths rank first in the world, reaching 7.5 million in 2008 (approximately 13.5% of all deaths). According to studies, mortality from cancer will continue to increase and by 2030 will reach 12 million. Diagnosis of a tumor is a very topical and important factor. Despite the technical diversity of in vitro images, which include: Magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, radiography, ultrasound, they are not distinguished by high sensitivity to small volumes. Hence the interest in developing new non-invasive methods. The new infrared tomography uses electromagnetic radiation in the range of 700-1200 nm. New infrared tomography covers a wide range of biosamedicine studies. The principle of operation of the new infrared tomography is based on the movement of photons in biological tissue. We studied the processes of permeability of nerve tissue by infrared rays. Experiments have shown that coverage of neural ganglia in the 760-800 nm region of the spectrum allows us to clearly see nerve cells measuring 150-200 microns. It is thought that if the prostate tissue is covered along this wavelength, it will be possible to distinguish between millimeter or submillimeter heterogeneity. The penetration of infrared radiation into biological tissue is greatly dependent on the thickness of the hanging tissue. Therefore, in order to cut the fabric thick enough, it will be necessary to use relatively powerful sources of radiation, which will cause the fabric to overheat. To avoid this, it will be necessary to use pulsed sources.

Doctoral Thesis Referee

Master Theses Supervisor

Doctoral Thesis Supervisor/Co-supervisor

Scientific editor of monographs in foreign languages

Scientific editor of a monograph in Georgian

Editor-in-Chief of a peer-reviewed or professional journal / proceedings

Review of a scientific professional journal / proceedings

Member of the editorial board of a peer-reviewed scientific or professional journal / proceedings

Participation in a project / grant funded by an international organization

Participation in a project / grant funded from the state budget

Patent authorship

Membership of the Georgian National Academy of Science or Georgian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Membership of an international professional organization

Membership of the Conference Organizing / Program Committee

National Award / Sectoral Award, Order, Medal, etc.

Honorary title

Monograph

Handbook

Research articles in high impact factor and local Scientific Journals

Publication in Scientific Conference Proceedings Indexed in Web of Science and Scopus