Tinatin Dzadzamia

The manual includes widely used classical and new, modern methods of analysis of soil, plant mineral and organic fertilizers, agrochemical research and study of biological activity of soil.

The manual provides a description of the microbiological processes taking place in the soil using classical and modern methods. Measures to conduct soil and soil research are discussed, as well as microbiological analysis data to assess the agronomic value of soil and to determine soil sustainability. It is intended for students of higher education institutions who are studying agroengineering and geoengineering technologies. It will help the researchers of the scientific-research institution and specialists interested in this field, especially since there is no such type of manual in the Georgian language.

The results of preliminary investigations aimed at the development of an economical and easy to apply technique of bacterial leaching of rare and valuable metals out of low-grade ores, complex composition ores, rocks, and industrial wastes in Georgia are discussed. The main groups of microbiological community of the peat suspension used m the experiments of bacterial leaching are investigated and the activity of particular microorganisms in the leaching of probes with different mineral compositions is assessed. The element composition of the primary and processed samples was investigated by the epithermal neutron activation analysis method and the enrichment/subtraction level is estimated for various elements. The efficiency of the developed technique to purify wastes, extract some scarce metals, and enrich ores or rocks m some elements, e.g. Au, U, Th, Cs, Sr, Rb, Sc, Zr, Hf, Ta, Gd, Er, Lu, Ce, etc., is demonstrated.

In June 2015, the river The tragic consequences of the famous natural events in the Vere valley, which resulted in devastating processes and victims. The aim of the research of the current hydrogeological condition of the area adjacent to the Tskneti-Samadlo road is to determine landslide prevention measures, by means of which the normal conditions for the operation of the track should be created. The study area is located on the northern slope of the southeastern branch of the Trialeti ridge, from the slopes of which the source It receives numerous deep ravines, which flow into the valley of the Vere River. The latter is the main base of erosion of the studied location. to conduct hydrogeological studies Two water samples were taken – water exposed on the landslide, which followed the exposed surface of the slope, and a minor seepage of ground water at the base of the slope. The results of the chemical analysis of the sampled springs showed us that the chemical composition of both samples is identical, with total mineralization ( M = 1.9 g/l) they belong to the category of brackish waters and are classified as sulfate-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium. In addition to water sampling, one soil sample was taken along the road to determine the degree of soil salinization. The amount of total mineralization in the extract of the soil sample is slightly increased ( M = 0.3 g/l), and the chemical composition is hydrocarbonate-sulphate sodium-calcium. As for landslide prevention measures in the study section, one of the prerequisites for the stability of the slopes is the regulation of surface runoff by means of spillways and drainage channels, it is also necessary to preserve the vegetation cover on deluvial slopes as much as possible, and based on proper calculation, the height of the slope and the angle of inclination can be accurately determined and selected.

There was studied the possibility of removing manganese from the Jurassic shale using heterotrophic microorganisms in samples brought from different parts of Georgia. The obtained results of investigated material bacterial leaching, taken from the surface layer of shale and from Arkhoti mine certain depths, confirm the superiority of the proposed technique over the chemical and currently existing bacterial leaching metals methods. There is established, that under the same conditions, the extraction effect is inversely related to the content of the elements in the rocks. With regards to the amount of manganese leached by the bacterial method from shale, the parameters of the manganese transition in the peat extract are quite high, and when removing this element from the organic-mineral solution by electrochemical means, a great prospect of obtaining manganese from the Jurassic shale is foreseen.

There is studied the content of micro-organisms in the different sections of the trench soil, correlation between the characteristic properties of microbes and physico-chemical composition of the soil.The role of selected bacteria and fungus in the development of corrosion processes in metal pipes, the their number impact on the degree of metals biodamages and on the flow processes of biocorrosion are installed.

The problem considered in article has practical value especially concerning the provision of relevant conditions for the normal functioning of historical winery "Marani" in Telavi, regional center of Kakheti. The high level of ground waters and accordingly the dampness of pitchers make it rather difficult to make wine by traditional Kakhetian technology in the pitchers. We studied the situation in detail and identified chemical indicators of ground water, the level of aggression, groundwater drainage scheme and based on this research we developed appropriate groundwater drainage system for the preventing of negative influence of ground water.

Among the numerous components that cause corrosive damage to metal pipes of pipelines, water is the most well-known and powerful aggressive agent. In addition, it helps to moisten the environment and activate the metabolism of microorganisms that cause biocorrosion. Groundwater also dissolves the salts present in the soil, as a result of biochemical transformations of which compounds with a strong corrosive effect on metals are formed, such as sulfuric acid and various organic acids. In order to protect the newly installed pipes from water-borne corrosion, the data of chemical analysis of water samples were studied and the origin of the sampled waters was determined. The influence of the aggressiveness of ground water on the corroded areas of the metal pipes of the rehabilitation pipeline is evaluated. The degree of aggressive environmental impact on metal structures is determined.

The possibility of leaching silicon from quartz was studied. The results of the research showed that the maximum amount of extracted silicon was 86 kg per 1 t of rock. Further experiments are needed to improve the effectiveness of this method.

The release of metals from cane, ore and waste by soil microorganisms is discussed through multiple populations. In the proposed method of bacterial extraction bio-organic complex made on the basis of peat is involved in the process. It is established Biochemical action of microbes to extract rare, precious and radioactive metals Different trends of enrichment. The method can be used for production waste and to clean the bulk from toxic elements.

The paper describes the composition of the gases released as a result of the biological treatment of ores and rocks from the production wastes, ores and rocks of the Chiaturi manganese and Madneuli copper deposits. As studies have shown, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of gases released during the leaching of metals from different types of substrates in the same region during microbiological treatment almost coincide, which indicates that the microflora of leached solutions formed in a niche of the same region is characterized by a similar metabolism.

In many cases, the inflow of underground water into the foundation pit is a serious obstacle to the construction works within the framework of large urbanized centers. In the paper, on the example of our capital, the hydrogeological conditions of one of the large construction objects located in the center of the city - "Sakanala" are discussed in relation to the inflow of underground water into the large-scale construction boiler intended here. proper

The calculation determines the intensity and amount of groundwater inflow into the boiler.

The conducted investigation showed that the optimal variant for recultivating oil- and petroleum-product contaminated “terra rossa” soil was introduction of green peas in the capacity of green-manure in the presence of biogenic material: peat and biomass of Pseudomonas bacterial cultures. In this variant 87% of petroleum products is degraded, while the survivability of oil-destructing microbes is 13.04 x 104 cells per 1g of absolutely dry soil.

The utulization of new compound forms of phosphorus fertilizers in the Shiraki chernozem soils promotes quantitative increasing of main physiological groups of microorganisms and enhances the processes initiated by them. Among the different variants polyphosphorus fertilizers are distinguished by the highest stimulant effect on biological activity of soil.

The method of extraction of metals from industrial solutions by means of economical and easy to apply biosorbents in subtropics such as products of tea manufacturing, moss, microorganisms is described. The multi-component solutions obtained in the process of leaching of ores, rocks and industrial wastes by peat suspension were used in the experiments. The element composition of sorbent biomass and solutions was investigated by epithermal neutron activation analysis and by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results obtained evidence that the used biosorbents are applicable for extraction of the whole set of heavy metals and actinides (U, Th, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Li, Rb, Sr, Cd, As, Co and others) from industrial solutions.

Results are presented of an experimental study of bacterial leaching of tailings and wastes from mining industry enterprises. From the examples of Chiatura city and the industrial centre of Kazreti, it is shown that use of the suggested method for the leaching of ores can reduce significantly the pollution risk to water and soils in urban areas. The method also promotes both the improvement of the ecological system in general, and a more rational use of natural resources.