Dali Chutkerashvili

Only loess-like rocks are common in Georgia. They are characterized by settling properties, and as a result of vertical loads acting on them and interaction with water, problems are created in the area of ​​layout of both linear and various types of civil or commercial buildings. The aim of the researches was to specify the spatial and vertical distribution of the loess sediments, to determine their physical and aqueous properties, and to determine the sedimentation characteristics. On the basis of the mentioned studies, we determined the detailed data on the distribution of loess-like rocks, the properties of these rocks were evaluated and conclusions were proposed. Liosic rocks in the territory of Georgia are mainly of eluvial, eluvial-deluvian, alluvial and alluvial-proluvian genesis. Their distribution is not continuous, they do not form a whole morphological structure, they are represented as areas. This character of their distribution may be related to the denudation processes of the late Quaternary period and is partially washed away. Their capacity is not big, it reaches 4-5 meters from 1 meter. In Georgia, several more or less large areas of distribution of loess-like rocks can be distinguished, for example: Md. In the lower reaches of Mtkvari, near Gardaban, the distribution of these rocks is relatively continuous, and the thickness exceeds 10-15 meters in some places, and the subsidence coefficient a exceeds 0.065.

The loess-like rocks spread on the Iori plateau form small local areas. They are of eluvial origin and are not characterized by large capacities h < 5.0 m, although the settling coefficient a does not exceed 0.022-0.052. During construction works, it is necessary to take into account the properties of loess rocks and take appropriate measures: a) artificial wetting-compaction of loess-like rocks in boilers of construction sites, placing and leveling of gravel-crushed material, cementing of pores and impregnation with clay solution; b) In the case of linear structures: using the rock cutting method on the tracks or their bituminization-cementing. Today, construction is being carried out on liosice rocks, the drafters and builders must take into account the special properties of these rocks in order not to encounter problems. For example, we can cite the deformations in the linear structures of the Alazni and Iori irrigation systems, the current sinking events on the Kvemo Kartli highways, the problems in the constructions in the areas of Rustavi and Gardabani.

Recently, oil contamination has damaged the environment to such an extent even natural remediation which is a long process can not ensure ecological balance, particularly within the regions with a developed yielding as well as the refining industry. The significant role in this process has microorganisms the are the main reason what brings out remediation. We use pure and mixed cultures of microorganisms in combination with various matters for faster remediation, more on the matter is discussed in the abstract. There is more information about the investigation which led us to this solution.

This abstract consists of The mining region's ecological problems and rational usage of mineral resources. The problems which have been caused by mining damage the environment disrupts and disbalance ecological stability. We are discussing what are possible solutions for the environment and for the mining itself. Nowadays microbiological leaching is the best possible solution which lets us not only save the environment from the damage but also keep mining and even produce more resources. The advantage of microbiological leaching is that it's cheaper and is much more effective and efficient. Countries like Georgia are in need of developing this kind of solution for their various copious mineral resources. Another topic mentioned in this abstract is The bacterial treatment technique the development of this enables us to use the leaching method for radioactive and noble metals. 

The construction of the Khudoni hydropower plant has a long history. The construction of Khudoni HPP has become a topical issue since the beginning of the XXI century. According to the new design data, a 200.5 m high dam is planned to be built below the river flow at a distance of 3 km from the village of Khaishi. The result will be an artificial water reservoir with a total water volume of 350 million. M3. The flooding area will be 500 ha. In this case, 14 settlements in Upper Svaneti will be submerged in the flood zone, including the second important settlement in this region - the village of Khaishi. The main purpose of the presented paper is to characterize the negative impact of the construction and operation of the components of the hydraulic complex on the environment based on the interpretation of the actual data collected during the performance of engineering geology and hydrogeology works. The main idea of ​​this work is that the very difficult terrain, geological structure, engineering geological and hydrogeological features of the region dictate that it is not allowed to build a dam on the Enguri River near the village of Khaishi. This opinion is confirmed by a detailed description and analysis of the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the construction site. In particular, it is emphasized that the river. Due to the presence of unstable, steep, easily collapsed slopes in the considered section of the Enguri Valley, the accumulation of debris in the reservoir will reach catastrophic proportions and permanent cleaning of the reservoir is technically impossible. The task is to consider that from an engineering-geological point of view the height of the dam should not exceed 100 m. And in this case it will be possible to avoid flooding of many dangerous sections, ensuring the normal functioning of the hydraulic complex.

The coastal zone consists of a beach and a submarine slope. That is the part of land and water where lithosphere and hydrosphere undergo active interaction. The territory under study, from the village of Grigoleti to the Supsa is one the complicated regions. Due to the activation of the Asia - Europe traffic corridor, operation of the Supsa oil terminal, and its loading facility in the sea, the anthropogenic challenges have greatly increased, which makes it more urgent to study the geotechnical conditions of the region. We accomplished some special studies under Prof. G.Buachidze's leadership sponsored by "John Brown" firm aimed at studying the geotechnical conditions of the Supsa terminal and its oil-loading facility. it is a complex and sensitive unit and in case of damage, it can cause catastrophic damage to Poti - Kobuleti zone. The area from the Supsa to Grigoleti is characterized by the intensive alongshore movement of solid material. The data of the special holes drilled within the Supsa - Grigoleti area made it possible fur us to draw a border between the relatively stable and very movable sands at the intersection of the oil pipe with the waterline. This border is about 7.0 m which exceeded the depth of the trench provided by the project (4.0m). To evaluate the geotechnical conditions, it is important to identify the role of natural factors influencing the formation of the conditions. One of the main factors is coarse river drift and sea wave conditions. The data analysis revealed that the sea waves in the area are mainly in the South-west (32%) and West (25%)direction. The sea waves have a great effect on the seashore biodynamics. We think it is necessary to carry out some observations to get material for short-time prediction of development of engineering-geological conditions in this region.

The report deals with the loose rocks common in Georgia, their special properties and the impact of these features on construction and development of territories. It is brought by the river. Characteristics of sedimentary properties of loose rocks spread in the middle of the Mtkvari and take into account the possible events that may occur during construction in the area of ​​distribution of these rocks.

Recent scientific progress in the world has given a strong impetus to the advancement of technological potential, followed by the development and construction of industrial, transport, mining energy enterprises, which leave a negative technological footprint on the Earth's surface, nature and our habitat. It is already recognized that one of the most acute problems remains the generation and accumulation of large amounts of industrial and household waste in the form of solid waste. In some areas of high industrial development, this process reaches a level that leads to the formation of modern geological formations around us, leading to a marked change in the original natural landscape. Since these formations are recorded as unconsolidated solid waste piles, they are easily exposed to modern geodynamic and hydrogeological processes and their distribution and impact on the environment is enormous. Often they have a negative impact not only on the living environment, but on the entire ecosystem - many harmful substances, heavy metals, cyanides, nitrates, pesticides, etc. Causes contamination of drinking water, agricultural land and other vital facilities. Georgia is no exception. There are currently similar problems here and there is no management or regulation tool for recording and researching these formations. The situation in some areas requires an immediate solution to the issue. For example, the Madneuli Mineral Enrichment Plant, its tailings and landfills, Chiatura mine deposits, raw material mines, international energy and transport corridors The systematic scientific research of the above anthropogenic massifs has never been developed in our country. In addition to other studies conducted within certain projects that cover completely different issues such as licensing of open pit mines, construction of roads and other linear structures, etc. The novelty of the proposed project lies in that. That it will lay the foundation for the management of industrial waste on the territory of Georgia, deal with its potential generation and become part of a comprehensive environmental impact assessment mechanism that will facilitate the assessment of the spread of formations and the variability of their boundaries. As well as a fundamental study of current processes. All this requires a scientific study of the issues and the development of a unified management system based on the findings to formulate a common vision and implement timely preventive measures. All of these actions will be an important step forward and serve to improve our living environment and the entire ecosystem.

The landslide on the road connecting Vashlijvari, Saburtalo and Digomi (Machavariani Street) caused a great resonance in the life of our city. A group of specialists was formed in this regard. Factors of origin must be sought in geological conditions, in particular in the lithological structure.This slope is represented by alternating Middle Eocene sandstones and argillites.The slopes are formed by weakening zones.This adds one very important circumstance: the bed forms of these rocks coincide with the direction of the slope.

The study made it possible to identify the natural factors that contributed to the landslide, including:

1. Geological factors:

- Sandstones with layers of argillite participate in the construction of slopes. The slope of these rocks is similar to a slope, which increases the probability of landslides several times;

-Sandstones and especially argillites - are very easily washed rocks, due to which weak zones are formed on the slopes.

2. To the above geological factors we must add the following natural factors:

- Impact of atmospheric precipitation - due to the cracking of the rocks, they enter the depth of the slope without any obstacles and reduce the compaction between the rocks,

-Seismic shocks play an important role in weakening the stability of landslide slopes. These events were quite active in the period before the landslide

  The main reason for landslides is road construction works, during which the slopes are improperly processed, which contributes to the emergence of driving forces.

Doctoral Thesis Referee

Master Theses Supervisor

Doctoral Thesis Supervisor/Co-supervisor

Scientific editor of monographs in foreign languages

Scientific editor of a monograph in Georgian

Editor-in-Chief of a peer-reviewed or professional journal / proceedings

Review of a scientific professional journal / proceedings

Member of the editorial board of a peer-reviewed scientific or professional journal / proceedings

Participation in a project / grant funded by an international organization

Participation in a project / grant funded from the state budget

Patent authorship

Membership of the Georgian National Academy of Science or Georgian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Membership of an international professional organization

Membership of the Conference Organizing / Program Committee

National Award / Sectoral Award, Order, Medal, etc.

Honorary title

Monograph

Handbook

Research articles in high impact factor and local Scientific Journals

Publication in Scientific Conference Proceedings Indexed in Web of Science and Scopus