Guga Chokhonelidze

The aim of the work is to familiarize the students of the mentioned specialty with the engineering structures and their structural features, so that they can take the right orientation for designing and constructing the structures in the given geological conditions. The work is also intended for students of hydrotechnical and water supply, bridges and tunnels, highways and railways, and for general readers.

Currently in Tbilisi there are more than 2400 highly deformed buildings. The main causes of the deformation are soil type, the proximity and mineralised nature of near-surface groundwater, changes of the ground water level due to leakage from wastewater and seepage from Tbilisi’s water supply reservoir and the Samgori irrigation system. Typical examples of the destructive effect of groundwater are considered. The current practice of treating each case of building subsidence as a separate problem is not effective and should be replaced by a comprehensive study of the city area with the aim of zoning sectors with similar problems so that counter-deformation measures can be better targeted.

In the article is considered the case when occurs the partial reinforcement of the foundation. In such a case, it is especially important to know how the ground-based features are selected so that they do not cause the building cracking in reinforced as well as under reinforcing parts of building. In order not to originate a cracks, it is of particular importance to select the ground characteristics of the soil - the internal friction angle of the ground φ and the specific cohesion C.

Is considered the issue of increasing of existing and design sustaining walls load bearing ability by arranges in its lower part of the horizontally positioned monolithic reinforced concrete piles when due the restricted conditions are impossible to arrange the sustaining wall with the necessary overall dimensions.

In the paper are considered landslide processes in Panaskerteli street, which are found only on the rocks and argillites and sandstone sequence. These rocks belong to the rocks, so the landslide processes in them, as in hard rocks rarely are occured, exclude the case when slope inclination coincides with the direction of the falling rocks.

At present, in construction norms SN 02.01.08 determination of R0 - ground conditional resistance is carried out by ratio of soil porosity and flow indicators. We are introducing this proposal, to determine the R0 by such direct characteristics of the soil strength, as: soil internal friction angle - φ and specific cohesion – C.

The article discusses a new method for determining the initial settlement value P of loess soils, which is based on the conditions of limit equilibrium of soils. Usually, the initial settling P of loess soils is determined by laboratory tests. The soil sample placed in the compression tool is wetted and increases the vertical load applied to the soil and limits the pressure at which the soil begins to deform. According to our proposal, P can be determined experimentally on loess-like soil. i.e. Ps for a given load is equal to the resistance to ground movement Sp.